Keratosis pilaris and prevalence of acne vulgaris: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris has an important genetic predisposition, as well as keratosis pilaris. Clinical observations suggest that patients with keratosis pilaris have less frequent or less severe acne breakouts; however, we found no studies on this regard OBJECTIVE: To determine if the presence of keratosis pilaris is associated with lower prevalence and severity of acne. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with dermatology outpatients aged between 14 and 35 years. We evaluated history and clinical grade of acne, demographic variables, history of atopy, smoking, and use of hormonal contraceptives. Two groups were defined by the presence or absence of moderate to severe keratosis pilaris on the arms and were compared by bivariate analysis and by conditional multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: We included 158 patients (66% women), with a median age of 23±11 years. Twenty-six percent of them had keratosis pilaris, which was associated with a history of atopy (odds ratio [OR]=2.80 [1.36 to 5.75]; p<0.01). Acne was present in 66% of subjects, and was related to family history of acne (OR=5.75 [2.47 to 13.37]; p<0.01). In bivariate and multivariate analysis, the group with keratosis pilaris had a less frequent history of acne (OR=0.32 [0.14 to 0.70]; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The presence of moderate to severe keratosis pilaris on the arms was associated with lower prevalence of acne vulgaris and lower severity of facial lesions in adolescents and young adults. .

Gasometria arterial e inflamação pulmonar de ratos com diferentes tempos de sepse abdominal / Arterial gasometry and lung inflammation in rats with different times of abdominal sepsis

RACIONAL: Sepse é a principal causa de morbi-mortalidade nas vítimas de trauma e em pacientes cirúrgico e apesar de toda tecnologia e terapêutica disponível não há diminuição nestas estatísticas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as repercussões ácido-básicas e o grau de injúria pulmonar decorrentes de sepse abdominal em ratos após seis e 24 horas de peritonite fecal através da ligadura e punção do ceco. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 40 ratos Wistar, machos, adultos. A amostra foi dividida aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: grupo A (sham/6 h - n=5) submetidos à laparotomia mediana infra-umbilical sem nenhuma outra intervenção; grupo B (sham/24h - n=5) submetidos à laparotomia mediana infra-umbilical sem nenhuma outra intervenção; grupo C (LPC/6 h - n=15) submetidos à ligadura e punção do ceco e grupo D (LPC/24h - n=15) submetidos à ligadura e punção do ceco. Após seis ou 24 horas, conforme o grupo em estudo, os animais foram novamente anestesiados e submetidos as seguintes análises: observação clínica de sinais de sepse, laparotomia através do mesmo acesso anterior e realização de cultura do líquido peritoneal e punção cardíaca para obtenção de amostra sangüínea suficiente para gasometria arterial, hematócrito e leucometria. Procedeu-se eutanásia e os pulmões retirados para análise de edema pulmonar e o infiltrado inflamatório. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram quatro óbitos no grupo D. Verificou-se, em todos os grupos, a presença de acidose mista. Comparando os grupos experimento 6h versus controle 6h foram encontradas duas variáveis significativas - HCO3 (p=0,0015) e BE (p=0,0015) -, demonstrando acidose metabólica mais grave no grupo experimento. Nos grupos controle também se confirmou acidose mista, devido às alterações das variáveis HCO3 (p=0,0079), PO2 (p=0,0079) e SO2 (p=0,0079). A correlação entre o grau de comprometimento pulmonar e o estado metabólico confirma a existência de resposta inflamatória sistêmica evidenciada por aumento de neutrófilos e hemorragia alveolar difusa nos pulmões do rato séptico. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo de LPC foi método eficaz para indução de sepse. A laparotomia e a manipulação de alças intestinais são fatores desencadeantes de acidose mista em ratos, comprovado pelos resultados da gasometria, que demonstrou ser método confiável na detecção de alterações no metabolismo ácido-básico dos ratos estudados.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma victims and surgical patients, and despite of all the technology and therapy available, the statistics for these cases is not diminishing. AIM: To evaluate the acid-basic repercussions and degree of pulmonary injury due to abdominal sepsis in rats after 6 and 24 hours of fecal peritonitis through cecal ligation and puncture. METHODS: CLP in experimental groups. Forty Wistar adult rats were distributed into four groups: A (sham/6 h - n=5) submitted to infra-umbilical median laparotomy, with no other interventions; B (sham/24 h - n=5) submitted to infra-umbilical median laparotomy, with no other interventions; C (CLP/6 h - n=15) submitted to ligation and cecal puncture and D (CLP/24 h - n=15) submitted to ligation and cecal puncture. According to the study group, after a period of six or 24 hours, the animals were once again anesthetized and submitted to the following analysis: clinical observations for sings of sepsis, laparotomy through the same access point made earlier, cultures of peritoneal fluid, cardiac puncture for obtaining sufficient blood samples for arterial gasometry, hematocryte e leucometry analysis. Euthanasia was performed and lungs removed were analyzed for pulmonary edema and inflammatory infiltrate. RESULTS: Four deaths occurred in group D. The presence of mixed acidosis in all groups was verified. When comparing groups B and D, two significant variables were found: HCO3 (p=0,0015) and BE (p=0,0015), demonstrating a more severe metabolic acidosis in the experimental group. Mixed acidosis was also confirmed in the control group, due to alterations regarding HCO3 (p=0,0079), PO2 (p=0,0079) and SO2 (p=0,0079). Correlation between pulmonary commitment and metabolic state confirms the existence of systemic inflammatory response, demonstrated through the increase of neutrophils and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage of the lungs of septic rats. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that CLP was an efficient method to induce sepsis in rats. It was observed that laparotomy and bows' manipulation resulted in mixed acidosis in rats, being verified by gasometrical findings, demonstrating to be a reliable method for the detection of acid-basic metabolic alterations in the rats studied.